As we celebrate a woman's right to choose on the 42nd anniversary of Roe v. Wade, much effort has been exerted to undermine that right. As a constraint to this legal over-reach, the Supreme Court ruled in 1992 that states could not place an "undue burden" on a woman's access to abortion.
During the past four years over 200 laws in 22 states, more than in the entire previous decade, have been passed restricting access to abortions. Recently, the most common tactic has been to require abortion clinics to conform to standards that the medical profession considers arbitrary and unnecessary.
Requiring clinics to be upgraded as surgical centers - and requiring clinic doctors to have admitting privileges in local hospitals - have forced hundreds to close in recent years. In Virginia, the clinics would have to spend about $1 million each to comply.
States have also passed laws that limit the use of drugs, such as RU-486, a safe prescription drug approved for abortions by the FDA. Although the drug can be administered by a nurse, or even self-administered after consultation, these new laws require that doctors dose them in their offices.
In 2012, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals issued a unanimous decision in favor of Pocatello resident Jennie Linn McCormack, who had been prosecuted for taking RU-486 at home. Noting that only two of Idaho's 44 counties have abortion clinics, the judges ruled the denial of self-administration placed an "undue burden" on Idaho women.
A report on the public health threat of all this legislation, authored by doctors from three states, warns that these laws amount to a "stunning incursion into the physician's exam room" and "blatant contradiction to evidence-based medicine."
Several states have required abortions be performed earlier than the 24-26 weeks prescribed by Roe. A cut-off point of 20 weeks has been based on the unfounded assumption that the fetus feels pain. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that the fetus does not feel pain until 28 weeks.
In Arkansas abortions must be performed within 12 weeks, and, incredibly enough, North Dakota legislators have stipulated 6 weeks, using a fetal heart beat as the standard. Animal fetuses, however, have hearts, and they also feel pain.
Rational abortion legislation requires that we must stipulate a moral and legal distinction between animals and human persons; otherwise we would be compelled to extend a right to life to most animals, not just their fetuses.
One reassuring electoral result has been the defeat of "personhood" amendments in Mississippi, North Dakota and Colorado (twice rejected). The people at Personhood USA use the first dictionary definition of a person as "a human being," but in the second definition, a person is a "self-conscious, rational being," which is the one that conforms with English Common Law. This definition does not apply to the fetus until it has undergone significant brain development at the beginning of the third trimester.
Conservative legislators claim they are only thinking of maternal health, but evidence shows mothers around the world suffer horribly where abortion is illegal. An estimated 1,500 Mexican women die every year due to the complications of unsafe abortions.
The U.S. Supreme Court voted 5-3 to allow an appellate court decision to overturn a Texas law that would have led to the closure of most of the state's abortion clinics. During Senate nomination hearings, Chief Justice John Roberts assured liberal senators that Roe v. Wade is "settled law." Presumably only three justices - Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas and Antonin Scalia - disagree.
Let us hope the five other justices rule all of these laws constitute an "undue burden" on a woman's access to safe, legal abortions.
Nick Gier taught religion and philosophy at the University of Idaho for 31 years.
